GHK-Cu Copper Peptide May Tune Gene Networks Behind Skin Repair
GHK-Cu, the copper peptide in countless serums, may do far more than moisturize. A 2018 review argues that new gene-expression data could explain how this one small molecule is linked to collagen building, tissue repair, inflammation control, and even DNA repair. Here's what the paper actually reports on aging skin and regeneration, and where the evidence stops. Before you buy into the hype, read the practical caveats on topical use and what a review can and can't prove.
Epithalon Switched On Telomerase in Cells—But Not in People
A tiny four-amino-acid peptide reportedly switched on telomerase, an enzyme most adult cells keep silent, and lengthened telomeres in human cells. That is the finding behind Epithalon's longevity buzz. But it came from fetal fibroblasts in a dish, not from people, and the paper's talk of extending lifespan is a hypothesis. Here is what the 2003 study actually showed, what it leaves out, and how to read it before you buy anything.
BPC-157 and Tendon Repair: What the FAK-Paxillin Research Shows, and What It Doesn't
BPC-157, a 15-amino-acid peptide popular in online "healing" circles, has a well-cited 2011 study behind its tendon-repair reputation. Researchers found that it sped tendon fibroblast outgrowth, improved cell survival under oxidative stress, and boosted migration, apparently by activating the FAK-paxillin pathway. But it did not directly increase cell proliferation, and every result came from rat tissue and cells in the lab. This article unpacks the mechanism, explains why it doesn't amount to human evidence, and reviews the peptide's unapproved regulatory status.