A trial built to test air-pollution defenses ended up revealing something odd about carnosine and the brain. In adults aged 23 to 35, 2 grams a day for up to 12 weeks was linked to better overall cognitive speed and efficiency, while older groups saw few or no gains. The catch is big: it was a post-hoc, subgroup analysis of a randomized trial of 299 people. Here's what the NEAT trial actually found, how carnosine differs from beta-alanine, and who might (and might not) want to pay attention.
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