Most natural sleep aids lean on GABA, but luteolin appears to work through a different switch: the adenosine receptors caffeine blocks. In mice, it shortened sleep latency, lengthened total sleep time and boosted NREM sleep, and caffeine almost completely cancelled the effect. That raises an intriguing question about your afternoon coffee, though the study never tested coffee. This is strictly a mouse study, and the ~15–25 mg human-equivalent figure is only an estimate. Here's what the paper showed, what it didn't, and how a careful biohacker might think about it.
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