Taurine, Sinadarin Amino Mai Araha da Ya Tsawaita Rayuwar Kunkuru da Kusan 12% Kuma Yana Raguwa da Yawan Taurine a Jinin Mutane

Amino acid mai araha da ake ƙara a cikin abin sha da ƙwayoyin abinci na ƙara kuzari ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake dubawa a fannin tsawaita rai. Binciken Science na 2023, da aka jagoranta daga ƙungiyar Vijay Yadav a Jami'ar Columbia da National Institute of Immunology a New Delhi, ya nuna cewa matakin taurine a jini yana raguwa da tsufa a kunkuru, birai da mutane. Idan aka ba dabbobi ƙarin taurine, lafiya ta inganta kuma a ƙwayoyin dabbobin, tsawon rai ya ƙaru. Lambar da aka fi haskawa ita ce ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 10‑12% a rayuwar kunkuru. Wannan alama na da ban sha'awa, amma dole ne a ba da cikakken mahallin da ya dace kafin a fara sayen kwalaben foda.

Abin da Masu Bincike Suka Gano

Taurine sinadari ne na amino mai ɗauke da sulfur, wanda ake samu a nama, ƙifi da madara. Jiki ma yana ƙirƙira shi a ƙananan adadi. Taurine na taimakawa wajen haɗa bile acids, daidaita yanayin ruwa a jiki, inganta aikin mitochondria da kuma ba da kariya ta anti‑oxidant. Ƙungiyar bincike ta auna matakan taurine a jini a tsakanin nau’o’in dabbobi daban‑daban, ta kuma gano cewa matakin yana raguwa da tsufa. A mutane, raguwar ta ta fi bayyananne – matakan manya sun fi ƙananan yara ƙasa.

Daga nan sai su gwada ko wannan raguwa tana da tasiri. Kunkuru masu shekaru 14 (kimanin tsakiyar rayuwarsu) sun karɓi ƙarin taurine a kullum. Tsawon rayuwarsu ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 10 % a maza da 12 % a mata, kamar yadda takardar binciken ta bayyana. Dabbobin da aka ba da magani sun nuna alamun lafiya mafi kyau, ciki har da:

• Ƙara ƙarfi, ƙashi da haɓakar tsoka
• Kyakkyawan sarrafa sukari a jini da ƙarin nauyi
• Rage damuwa da alamun damuwa
• Ingantaccen tsarin garkuwar jiki da metabolism

A cikin birai ma, taurine ya tsawaita rayuwa. A wani ƙaramin gwaji na birai masu tsakiyar shekaru, ƙarin taurine ya inganta alamun lafiya kamar nauyin jiki, ƙarfi na ƙashi, matakin sukari a jini, da alamar lafiyar hanta. Ba a auna tsawon rayuwar birai ba, domin irin wannan gwaji zai ɗauki shekaru da dama.

Dalilin Da Yasa Zai Iya Aiki

Masu binciken sun bayyana taurine a matsayin sinadari da ke shafar manyan alamun tsufa a lokaci guda. A ƙwayoyin dabbobi, ƙarin taurine ya rage alamar tsufar ƙwayoyin – wato taruwar ƙwayoyin “zombi” marasa aiki. Ya rage lalacewar DNA, ya kare mitochondria daga nakasu, ya hana raguwar telomeres, kuma ya rage kumburin da ake kira “inflammaging”. Wannan faɗin tasiri yana nuni da cewa taurine na iya zama wani ƙari mai amfani a kula da ƙwayoyin halitta, ba magani mai maƙasudi guda ba.

Shaidar Ɗan Adam

Bayanan da ke cikin takardar sun nuna alaka ne kawai, ba dalili ba. A wani babban binciken Turai, matakan taurine da suka ƙasa sun danganta da cututtuka kamar kiba, ciwon sukari na nau'i II, hawan jini da kumburi mai yawa. Taurine ma ya ƙaru bayan motsa jiki mai tsanani a wasu ƙungiyoyin mutane, wanda ke nuna cewa wani ɓangare na fa’idar motsa jiki na iya haɗuwa da wannan sinadari.

Wadannan alaka ne kawai. Taurine mai ƙasa na iya haifar da cuta, ko kuma cuta ko yanayin metabolic mara kyau na iya rage matakin taurine. Masu binciken sun amince da wannan kuma suka kammala cewa gwaje‑gwajen ƙwararru “na da muhimmanci”.

Yawan Da Ake Magana Akai?

Adadin da aka ba kunkuru ya kasance babba – daga ɗari‑ɗari miligram zuwa kusan gram guda a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki a kullum. Canza shi zuwa matakin mutum yana da wahala, amma masu sharhi sun kiyasta adadin da zai iya kaiwa kusan gram‑grama biyu a kullum, tare da bambanci mai yawa gwargwadon yadda aka auna girman jiki. Don kwatanta:

• Kwalaben ƙara kuzari na yau da kullum suna ƙunshe da kusan gram ɗaya na taurine.
• Hukumar Lafiyar Abinci ta Turai ta amince da shan har gram uku a rana a matsayin abin da aka tabbatar da amincinsa ga manya masu lafiya.
• Binciken likitanci a kan cututtuka kamar ciwon zuciya da ciwon sukari ya yi amfani da kusan gram 1.5 zuwa 6 a kullum, galibi ba tare da matsaloli masu tsanani ba a gwaje‑gwajen ɗan lokaci.

Babu wani gwaji da ya tantance adadin da ya fi dacewa ko kuma na tabbataccen maganin tsufa a mutane. Duk wanda ke da cuta, masu shan maganin hawan jini ko cutar zuciya, da kuma masu ciki, su tuntuɓi likita kafin su fara. Canza daga ƙimar kunkuru zuwa mutum na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ke haifar da ƙarya a fannin tsawaita rai.

Matakin Shaida Da Kalubale

Akwai wasu muhimman abubuwa da ke rage jin daɗin wannan sabon ci gaba:

1. Kunkuru ba su daidai da mutane. Yawancin hanyoyin da ke tsawaita rayuwar kunkuru, sau da yawa da irin wannan bambanci, ba su yi tasiri ga mutane ba.
2. Babu bayanin tsawon rayuwar ɗan adam. Gwajin birai ya duba alamun lafiya ne na watanni, ba tsawon rayuwar dabbobi ba.
3. Alaka ba dalili ba ne. Hada ƙarancin taurine da cuta a mutane ba ya nufin ƙara taurine zai gyara su.
4. Raguwar ba ta zama gaba ɗaya ba. Bincike na gaba da sharhi sun tambayi yadda taurine ke raguwa da tsufa da kuma yadda matakan jini ke wakiltar adadin a ƙwayoyin jiki. Maganar “rashin taurine yana haifar da tsufa” har yanzu ra'ayi ne da ake tattaunawa.
5. Rikicin haƙƙin mallaka. Jami'ar Columbia ta yi takardar neman haƙƙin mallaka kan wasu fasahohi inda Vijay Yadav yake ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙirƙira – abu ne na yau da kullum amma yana da mahimmanci a lura da shi.
6. Abincin yana da tasiri. Mutanen da ke cin nama da ƙifi suna samun taurine mai yawa, don haka fa’idar na iya zama mafi girma ga waɗanda ba su da isasshen cin abinci ko waɗanda ke da buƙata mai ƙaruwa, tambaya da binciken ba zai iya amsa ba.

Dalilin Da Yasa Har Yanzu Yake Da Mahimmanci

Taurine yana da araha, ana samun shi a ko'ina, kuma yana da dogon tarihin amfani a ƙwayoyin magani, wanda ke sanya shi mai sauƙin gwaji. Hakanan yana dacewa da ra'ayin cewa tsufa na haɗa da ɓacewar sinadarai masu kariya a cikin jini, wasu daga cikinsu za a iya maye gurbinsu. Kira na masu bincike na yin gwaje‑gwajen ƙwararru yana da ma'ana: auna taurine a matakin farko, a ba da ƙarin a adadi da aka ƙayyade, a bi diddigin sakamakon kamar sarrafa sukari, ƙarfi tsoka, kumburi, da lafiyar ƙashi.

Har sai an samu waɗannan sakamakon, taurine ya fi kyau a ɗauke shi a matsayin wani abu da ake sa ran yiwuwa, ba wani kayan aikin tsawaita rai da aka tabbatar ba. Ƙaruwa na kashi 10‑12% a rayuwar kunkuru alama ce mai ma'ana, amma hanyar da ta kai daga wannan alama zuwa shawara ga mutane tana buƙatar gwaje‑gwaje da ba a kammala ba.