Spermidine da ƙwaƙwalwa? Binciken watanni 12 a kan manya 100 bai nuna amfanin da placebo

Spermidine an tallata shi a matsayin kariyar kwakwalwa da kuma abin da ke tsawaita rayuwa. Gwajin klinikal na SmartAge, da aka buga a JAMA Network Open, ya gwada wannan zato a kan mutanen da ke da subjective cognitive decline (raguwar tunani na kai). Shan mg 0.9 na spermidine a rana tsawon watanni 12 ba ya inganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwa fiye da placebo.

Me yasa spermidine ke samun kulawa

Spermidine polyamine ne, ƙananan kwayoyin da ke cikin kowace sel da kuma abinci kamar hatsi, wake da kayan marmari. Sha’awar shi ta fito ne daga nazarin dakin gwaje‑gwaje da na dabbobi, inda aka danganta spermidine da autophagy – tsarin da ke tsaftace sel daga abubuwan da suka lalace – da tasirin da ake zaton yana da alaka da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Marubutan SmartAge sun yi amfani da waɗannan hujjoji don ƙirƙirar tsarinsu.

Gwajin: wa, me, da nawa

SmartAge gwaji ne na matakin 2b, na watanni 12, wanda aka tsara a double‑blind, randomized, placebo‑controlled a wani babban cibiyar bincike a Jamus. An gudanar da shi daga Janairu 2017 zuwa Mayu 2020.

• Mahalli: manya 100, shekaru 60‑90, masu SCD (ƙimar shekaru 69; 49 % mata), an samo su ta asibitoci da cibiyoyin bincike.
• Rukuni: 51 suka samu spermidine, 49 suka samu placebo, an raba su bazuwar 1:1.
• Magani: ƙarin hatsi (wheat‑germ) da ke ba da kusan 0.9 mg na spermidine a rana. Kowane kwayar 750 mg na ƙarin yana ƙunshe da kimanin 0.5 mg spermine da 0.2 mg putrescine. Placebo ɗin kuwa microcrystalline cellulose ne.
• Kammala: mutane 89 daga cikin 100 (89 %) sun kammala shirin.
• Rajista: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03094546.

Manufar farko ita ce a tantance canjin aikin ƙwaƙwalwa daga farkon gwaji har zuwa waƙa 12. An auna ta da “mnemonic discrimination” ta hanyar Mnemonic Similarity Task, wadda ke dubawa ko mai gwaji zai iya bambanta hoton da ya gani a daidai da wani hoton da ya yi kama da shi sosai. An bi ka’idar intention‑to‑treat—kowa da aka ba da kulawa an ƙirga shi.

Sakamakon farko: babu tasiri

Sakamakon farko ya nuna bambanci –0.03 (95 % CI, –0.11 zuwa 0.05; P = 0.47) a kan mnemonic discrimination tsakanin ƙungiyoyi. Fannin amincewa ya ratsa sifili, don haka ƙimar ainihin bambancin na nuni da rashin tasiri maimakon ƙaruwa. Marubutan sun kuma sanar da cewa sauran gwaje‑gwajen neuropsychological, na dabi’a da na physiology ba su ba da wani bambanci mai ma’ana ba.

Menene game da alamu na binciken ƙarin?

A cikin takaitaccen rahoton an ambaci cewa "binciken ƙarin ya nuna yiwuwar tasiri mai kyau" a kan alamun ƙurajen jiki da ƙwaƙwalwar magana. Amma waɗannan alamu sun fito ne daga sub‑analysis, wadda ba a tsara su ba a asalin gwaji. Saboda haka ba za a iya ɗauka su a matsayin hujja ba; suna bukatar ƙarin bincike a manyan gwaje‑gwaje.

Abin da wannan ke nufi ga masu sayen kari

• Kada ku yi tsammanin ƙara ƙwaƙwalwa daga wannan adadi. Idan kai manya ne kuma kana tunanin ɗaukar spermidine a kusan wannan ƙima, wannan gwaji ba ya ba da hujja ga amfanin ƙwaƙwalwa a tsawon shekara guda.
• Kalmar “autophagy” da gwaje‑gwajen dabbobi da aka gani a tallace‑tallace ba su nufin an tabbatar da tasirin a mutane ba. Dangantakar dabbobi da mutane ba koyaushe take daidai ba.
• Amintaccen lafiya: rashin bambanci a tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru (adverse events) yana nuni da cewa spermidine a wannan ƙima ba shi da haɗari mai girma, amma hakan ba ya nufin yana da amfani.

Ƙuntatawa da ya kamata a tuna da su

• Ƙima ɗaya kawai: an gwada mg 0.9 a rana; ba a san ko ƙari zai ba da bambanci ba.
• Jama’a: mutanen da ke da SCD ne, ba masu dementia ko mild cognitive impairment ba. Sakamakon ba lallai ya shafi matasa ko masu cutar ƙwaƙwalwa mai tsanani ba.
• Girman gwaji: manyan mutane 100 a wuri guda a Jamus; gwaji matakin 2b ne, ba babban gwaji mai ƙarfi ba.
• Tsawon lokaci: watanni 12 na iya zama gajere don gano tasiri mai ɗorewa, kuma Mnemonic Similarity Task ba lallai ne ya fayyace duk wani canji a kan ƙwaƙwalwa ba.
• Binciken ƙarin: alamu kan ƙurajen jiki da ƙwaƙwalwar magana sun fito ne daga sub‑analysis, ba a tabbatar da su ba.

Ƙarshe

SmartAge gwaji ne da aka tsara da kyau, an wallafa shi a babban mujallar kimiyya, kuma ya duba wani ra’ayi mai ƙarfi—amma ra’ayin bai cika ba. A yanzu, mg 0.9 na spermidine a rana tsawon watanni 12 ba ya inganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwa a manya masu SCD idan aka kwatanta da placebo. Za a iya samun canji idan an ƙara ƙima ko an yi gwaje‑gwaje a manyan ƙungiyoyi, amma wannan ba shi ne abin dogaro ga masu ɗaukar kari a yau ba.