Shekaru Da Yawa, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Ya Zama Daya Daga Cikin Kayan Kula Da Tsawon Rai Masu Tallace‑tallace Da Yawa, Amma Mafi Yawan Shaidar Ta Kasance Daga Biri

Wani gwaji mai randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled da aka gudanar a Washington University School of Medicine, kuma aka wallafa a Science a 2021, ya samar da hujja ta farko a tsakanin mutane. An binciki mata post‑menopausal masu pre‑diabetes da ke da kiba ko ya fi haka. Shan 250 mg NMN a kowace rana na tsawon makonni 10 ya inganta insulin‑sensitivity a tsokar ƙashi (skeletal muscle) da kusan kashi 25 %.

Me Ya Sa NMN, Kuma Me Ya Sa Tsoka?

NMN na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin samar da NAD+, wani co‑enzyme da ke tsakiyar tsarin makamashi na sel. A beraye, tsufa da kiba na rage matakin NAD+, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin metabolism. Saboda haka ƙara NMN a jiki na iya taimakawa wajen dawo da adadin NAD+.

Tsokar ƙashi ita ce babban wurin da jiki ke amfani da glucose ta hanyar insulin. Idan tsoka ta zama insulin‑resistant, sarrafa sukari a jini zai fara lalacewa – wani muhimmin mataki a hanyar kamuwa da cutar sukari ta nau'i na biyu (type 2 diabetes). Don haka, duk wani ƙarin da ke inganta aikin insulin a tsoka zai iya rage haɗarin cutar.

Abin Da Gwajin Ya Yi

• Lokaci: makonni 10
• Tsarin gwaji: randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled
• Masu shiga: mata post‑menopausal masu pre‑diabetes da ke da kiba ko ya fi haka
• Ragewa: 250 mg NMN a kowace rana (ƙungiyar magani) vs placebo (ƙungiyar sarrafawa)

Masu binciken sun yi amfani da hyperinsulinemic‑euglycemic clamp, wadda ita ce hanyar da aka fi amincewa da ita wajen auna insulin‑sensitivity. Sun kuma ɗauki biopsies na tsoka don duba alamun insulin a matakin kwayoyin.

Abubuwan Da Suka Inganta

• Glucose disposal a tsoka ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 25 % a ƙungiyar NMN, yayin da placebo bata nuna wani canji ba.
• Alamun insulin a tsoka (phosphorylation na AKT da mTOR) sun ƙaru a sakamakon NMN, alamu masu nuna ƙara aiki a hanyar insulin.
• Kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa da gina tsoka (irin su PDGFRβ) sun ƙaru, abin da ke nuni da yiwuwar NMN na tasiri kan gina sabbin tsokoki.

Abubuwan Da Ba Su Canza Ba

• Matsayin sukari a jini (fasting glucose, HbA1c) ba su ƙaru ba, kuma ba a sami canjin pre‑diabetes zuwa na al’ada ba.
• Nauyin jiki, BMI, da sauran alamun metabolism ba su nuna wani bambanci mai ma’ana ba a cikin makonni 10.
• Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tasirin NMN ya takaita ne a tsokar ƙashi, ba a samu faɗi a sauran sassa kamar hanta ko ƙwayar zuciya ba.

Yawan Kwamiti Da Wa Ya Shafa

• Yawan kwamiti: 250 mg NMN a baki a kowace rana, tsawon makonni 10 – shi ne kawai adadin da aka gwada a ɗan adam a wannan mataki.
• Wa ya shafa: mata post‑menopausal masu pre‑diabetes da ke da kiba ko ja da yawa. Ba a yi gwaji a maza, matasa, ko mutanen da ke da cikakkiyar insulin‑sensitivity ba, don haka ba a san ko waɗannan rukunin za su amfana ba.

Bukatar Gwaje‑gwaje Na Biyu

Gwajin ya kasance ƙarami, an yi shi a ƙungiya guda, kuma ya ɗauki ‘yan kwanaki ne kawai. Don tabbatar da sakamako, ya zama dole a:

1. Maimaita gwajin tare da manyan ƙungiyoyi da bambancin al’ummomi.
2. Tsawaita lokacin gwaji don duba ko tasirin NMN ya kasance na dindindin.
3. Gwada ƙarin ƙuduri (misali 500 mg ko 1000 mg) da kuma kombinasyon da sauran dabaru kamar motsa jiki da rage nauyi.

Kammalawa

Wannan gwaji ya ƙara hujja a kan NMN – daga gwaje‑gwajen beraye zuwa hujja a ɗan adam – da ke nuna cewa insulin‑sensitivity a tsokar ƙashi na iya inganta da kusan kashi 25 % bayan shan 250 mg NMN a kowace rana na tsawon makonni 10. Sai dai ba a ga wani tasiri a kan sukari na jini, ba a kawo pre‑diabetes zuwa yanayi na al’ada ba, kuma ba a nuna wani tasiri a sauran sassan jiki ba.

Don haka, ga masu pre‑diabetes, hanyoyin da suka tabbatar (rage nauyi, motsa jiki, da magunguna idan likita ya yi ba) su ne mafi sahihi a yanzu. NMN na iya zama ƙari mai amfani, amma ya kamata a tattauna da likita kafin fara amfani da shi, musamman la’akari da tsawon lokacin gwajin da iyakokin sa.

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Lura: Kamar yadda aka nuna a wasu sharhi da aka buga a Science, Cell Metabolism, da Cardiovascular Research, akwai damuwa kan alakar wasu masana da kamfanonin da ke samar da NMN. Wannan ba ya rage sahihancin gwajin da aka gudanar, amma ya nuna buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai zaman kansa don tabbatar da sakamakon.