Bayanin Gwaji: Menene Aka Gwada
COSMOS (COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study) wani gwaji ne na 2 × 2 factorial, an yi shi a yanayi na double‑blind (ba a san wane ke karɓar placebo ko multivitamin ba) a Amurka. An mayar da hankali kan sashen multivitamin‑multimineral (MVM) inda aka ba da Centrum Silver® maimakon placebo.
Sashen metabolomics ya kunshi masu halarta 399 (tsaka‑tsakin shekaru 70.3 ± 5.7; 50.1 % mata). An auna samfuran jini a dandalin Nightingale Health NMR a matakin farko, bayan shekara ɗaya, da kuma bayan shekara biyu. Masu bincike sun duba:
- Kwayoyin halitta 168 daban‑daban
- Agogo 7 na metabolomics da ke auna tsufar halitta
- Makaman haɗarin cututtuka 24 (MRS) na cututtuka masu ɗorewa
Kwayoyin Da Suka Canza
Idan aka kwatanta da placebo, shan MVM a kowace rana na tsawon shekaru biyu ya haifar da:
- Karuwa a matakin docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Cohen’s d = 0.212 (95 % CI: 0.02 – 0.404).
- Karuwa a matakin jimillar omega‑3 fatty acids. Cohen’s d = 0.193 (95 % CI: 0.003 – 0.382).
- Rage karuwar matakin creatinine. Cohen’s d = –0.222 (95 % CI: –0.424 – –0.019).
Wadannan tasiri suna kanana, kuma 95 % CI na kusa da sifili. Creatinine yawanci alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen tantance aikin ƙoda, amma takaitaccen rubutu ba ya fassara wannan sakamakon cikin kalmomin likita; kawai ya nuna cewa karuwar creatinine da ake sa ran gani a tsawon lokaci, an rage a rukunin da ke shan MVM.
Makaman Haɗarin Cututtuka
MVM ya rage makaman haɗarin cututtuka 16 masu ɗorewa, inda Cohen’s d ya kasance tsakanin –0.206 da –0.277. Sunayen wasu cututtukan da aka ambata sune:
- cututtukan zuciya
- cutar ƙoda
- demenƙiya
- asma
- cataract (cutar tabo na ido)
- glaucoma
- cutar hanta
- cutar fata marar melanoma
- cutar daji ta prostate
Wadannan makaman haɗari suna fitowa ne daga ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin halitta (risk scores) ba daga ainihin yawaitar cuta ba, don haka ƙaramin sauyi ba yana nufin kowa a gwajin ya guje wa ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan ba.
Agogo Na Tsufar Halitta: Ƙaramin Tasiri, Ba Tabbas Ba
Abin da ya fi jawo hankali a cikin taken jarida shi ne cewa multivitamin ya “mayar da shekarun halitta.” Amma sakamakon bai tallafa wa wannan ra’ayi ba. MVM ya haifar da rashin tasiri mai ma’ana a kan dukkan agogo bakwai, inda canjin da aka samu ya tsakanin –0.496 zuwa –1.054 shekara. Ko da yake an samu canji a duk agogo, ba su da muhimmanci a gwajin ƙididdiga.
Matsalolin Da Ba Za A Iya Watsi Da Su Ba
Duk wani tasiri da aka ambata a sama ya kai muhimman matakai na al’ada (p < 0.05), amma babu ɗayansu da ya tsallake gwajin daidaita kuskuren gwaji da yawa (FDR > 0.05). Idan aka yi la’akari da gwaje‑gwajen 168 na kwayoyin, 7 na agogo, da 24 na makaman haɗari, akwai yuwuwar wasu sakamakon da suka bayyana a matsayin muhimmi ta kuskure ne kawai (false positives).
Masu rubutu sun kirkiro waɗannan sakamakon a matsayin shaida ta farko wadda ke nuna cewa shan MVM a kullum "na iya ɗan inganta tsarin metabolomic a manya," kuma sun jaddada cewa samfurin ya ƙunshi mutane kaɗan.
Takaitaccen rahoton ba ya bayyana ko waɗannan canje‑canjen kwayoyin za su haifar da lafiyar jiki mafi kyau. Marubutan sun yi kira ga ci gaba da bincike a cikin COSMOS don tantance ko waɗannan sauye‑sauyen za su haifar da fa'idar tsufa lafiya.
Shawarwari Ga Masu Sha'awa
- Kudin: Gwajin ya yi amfani da multivitamin‑multimineral Centrum Silver® a kullum, samfurin da aka keɓe musamman don manya. Takaitaccen rubutu ba ya ba da cikakken bayani kan sinadarai ko adadin kowanne vitamin/mine.
- Lokaci: Ba a ambaci ko akwai bukatar shan maganin tare da abinci ko a wani lokaci na yini ba. Gwajin ya auna tasiri ne bayan shekara 1 da 2 na amfani a kowace rana.
- Wanda zai amfana: Mutanen da ke da tsaka‑tsakin shekaru 70 a Amurka – wato manya. Sakamakon ba su shafi matasa ko waɗanda ke da abinci daban ba.
- Wanda ya kamata ya yi taka tsantsan ko ya guje shi:
- Wadanda ke neman maganin anti‑aging da aka tabbatar: canjin agogo ba shi da muhimmanci.
- Wadanda ke fatan kariya daga cuta: wannan bincike ya auna risk scores a jini, ba ainihin cututtuka ba.
- Mutane da ke da cutar ƙoda, masu shan magungunan ƙoda na dindindin, ko masu amfani da wasu kari: ya kamata su tattauna da likita kafin fara shan multivitamin, musamman ma saboda canjin creatinine da aka gani.
Kammalawa
Shekaru biyu na shan multivitamin a kullum sun danganta da ƙananan canje‑canje a matakan DHA, omega‑3, raguwar karuwar creatinine, da raguwar makaman haɗarin cututtuka 16. Waɗannan alamu suna ƙirƙirar tunani ne, ba hujja mai ƙarfi ba. Multivitamin ba shi da ƙwarin gwiwar tsufa mai ɗorewa bisa ga wannan shaidar kaɗai, kuma manyan bincike na gaba za su tantance ko alamu za su ci gaba da kasancewa masu ƙarfi.
