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Macro science approach: an extreme close-up of PQQ disodium salt, a deep reddish-orange crystalline powder, heaped on the tip of a stainless steel micro-spatula. The camera is low, at a slight 30-degree angle, with a very shallow depth of field. The nearest crystals are razor sharp, showing faceted, glassy edges and fine granular dust, while the rest of the pile melts into soft blur. A single large softbox from the upper left creates bright specular glints on the crystal faces and a crisp, warm shadow. The backdrop is a smooth, saturated teal-green color field that contrasts strongly with the red-orange subject. A few stray grains rest on the matte teal surface below. A faint electric green reflection runs along the spatula's edge. The mood is precise, curious and scrutinizing, like an ingredient under inspection. No text or labels.

PQQ Boosted Memory in 12 Weeks, in Both Young and Older Adults

BY NOVA CHEN · Oct 25, 2026

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that 20 mg/day of PQQ disodium salt improved memory scores in adults aged 20-65 after 12 weeks. The timing differed by age: younger adults gained on cognitive flexibility and speed by week 8, while adults aged 41-65 improved on verbal and complex memory at week 12. The catch is that the authors work for Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, which makes a PQQ ingredient, and the abstract omits the sample size. Here is what the study showed, what it didn't, and how to read it before you buy a bottle.