Methylene Blue: Sinadarin da aka gano a 1890s ya ƙara ƙarfafa tunawa cikin sa’a guda

Wani sinadari mai launi da aka fara amfani da shi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 na iya canza yadda kwakwalwar da ke lafiya ke sarrafa hankali da tunawa a kusan minti 60 bayan shan ƙwaya ɗaya. Wannan shi ne taken wani binciken hoto na kwakwalwa da aka gudanar a Radiology a shekarar 2016. Sakamakon ya ba da mamaki, amma cikakkun bayanai su ne suka fi muhimmanci fiye da tallace‑tallacen da aka yi.

Abin da Masana Suka Gano

Wani ƙungiya daga University of Texas Health Science Center a San Antonio da University of Texas a Austin sun gudanar da gwajin dubawa mai ɓoyayyanci da aka sarrafa placebo. Sun zaɓi mutane 26 masu lafiyar jiki, tsakanin shekaru 22 da 62.

Kowane mahalarta ya yi gwajin MRI na aiki (fMRI) yayin da suke gudanar da nau’o’in ayyuka guda biyu:

• Aikin da ke buƙatar cikakken hankali, wato aikin duba hankali (attention task).
• Aikin da ke auna ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan lokaci (working memory), wato aikin daidaita da misali na jinkiri.

An ɗauki hotunan kafin da kuma awa guda bayan mahalarta sun sha ƙwaya ta methylene blue da aka sha ta baki ko placebo. Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi gwajin “carbon dioxide challenge” don auna yanayin jini na kwakwalwa. An yi nazari da 2 × 2 repeated‑measures ANOVA (magani vs. placebo, kafin vs. bayan), tare da P < .05 a matsayin iyaka don ɗaukar muhimmanci.

Abubuwan Da Suka Ja Hankali

Hankali: insula ta walƙasa

Yayin aikin da ke buƙatar cikakken hankali, methylene blue ya ƙara amsa a insula biyu na kwakwalwa (Z = 2.9–3.4, P = .01–.008). Insula na kula da yanayin jiki da kuma “salience” – wato tsarin da ke nuna abin da ya kamata a maida hankali a kansa.

Tunawa: hanyar sadarwa mai faɗi ta yi aiki

Yayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan lokaci, methylene blue ya ƙara amsa a cortex na prefrontal, parietal da occipital (Z = 2.9–4.2, P = .03–.0003). Wannan ya haɗa da sassan da ke da alhakin sarrafa aiki, hankali, da gani.

Ƙaruwa: +7 %

Sakamakon fMRI an haɗa shi da gwajin aikin. Methylene blue ya haifar da ƙaruwa na kashi 7 % a cikin amsoshin da suka dace yayin dawowar tunawa (P = .01). Kashi bakwai ba babban abu ba ne, amma yana nuna cewa canjin a hoton ya zo ne tare da ingantaccen ƙarin aiki daga ƙwaya ɗaya.

Masu rubutun sun kammala da cewa ƙaramin ƙimar methylene blue na iya ƙara aiki a fMRI yayin aikin hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan lokaci tare da inganta dawowar tunawa.

Dalilin da Methylene Blue Ke Haifar da Wannan Tasiri

Methylene blue tsohon sinadari ne da ake amfani da shi tun ƙarni na 19 a fannoni da dama, ciki har da magani. Masana sun duba tasirinsa a kan mitochondria. Gonzalez‑Lima, ɗaya daga cikin marubutan wannan takarda, ya wallafa abubuwa da dama da ke nuna cewa sinadarin yana aiki a matsayin ƙayan lantarki a mitochondria, yana taimakawa wajen samar da kuzari a ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Gwajin da aka yi a wannan takarda ya auna aikin kwakwalwa ta fMRI, ba a’auna mitochondria ba; don haka ra’ayin yana da tushe mai yiwuwa, amma ba a tabbatar da shi a wannan bincike ba.

Ƙuntatawa da ya Kamata a Lura Da Su

• Samfurin ƙanana. Mutane 26 kawai, an raba su tsakanin magani da placebo – ƙananan gwaji.
• Kwaya ɗaya, lokaci guda. An auna tasirin cikin awa guda bayan shan ƙwaya ɗaya. Ba a samu bayanai kan amfani da yawa ko dogon lokaci ba.
• fMRI ba kai tsaye ba ne. Ƙaruwa a aikin fMRI ba lallai su nufin “fi kyau” a ainihin tunani ba. Takardar ta danganta canjin da ƙwazo a aikin da ƙaruwa na 7 % a dawowar tunawa, ba tare da nuna tasirin a rayuwar yau da kullum ba.
• Matsakaicin lafiya kawai. Sakamakon ba su shafi mutanen da ke da cututtukan tunani ba.
• Rashin bayani kan ƙima. Takaitaccen yana ambaton “karamin ƙima” kawai. Duba rubutun cikakke (PMC5084971) don sanin adadin milligram da aka yi amfani da su.

Menene Wannan Ke Nufi Ga Kai?

• Kima: Binciken ba ya ba da shawarar yadda za a ƙara kima ko ado. An ambaci “karamin ƙima” kuma an yi gwajin ne a yanayin likita; ba za a iya fassara shi kai tsaye a matsayin kari ba.
• Lokaci: Tasirin kwakwalwa an auna kimanin awa guda bayan shan ƙwaya ɗaya ta baki. Ba a ba da bayani kan mafi kyawun lokacin shan, adadin shan sau da yawa, ko tsawon lokacin da fa'idar ke ɗaurawa ba.
• Waɗanda za su amfana: Masana, likitocin da ke binciken tunani, da masu sha'awar ilimin ɗabi'a. Wannan alamar farko ce, ba ta nufin magani ba.
• Waɗanda ya kamata su guje shi:
  • Kowa da ke shan SSRIs, SNRIs ko wasu magungunan da ke tasiri kan serotonin.
  • Mutanen da ke da raunin enzim G6PD.
  • Matan da ke cikin ciki.
  • Kowa da ke neman ƙara mai tasiri na dogon lokaci – wannan gwaji bai tabbatar da hakan ba.

Tsaro: Abubuwan Da Ya Kamata Ka Sani

Methylene blue ba vitamin ba ne; sinadari ne da ke da tasiri a jiki.

• Yana aiki a matsayin MAO inhibitor kan serotonin. Idan aka haɗa da SSRIs, SNRIs da sauran magungunan serotonin, zai iya haifar da serotonin syndrome, yanayi mai tsanani da ke haifar da tashin hankali, bugun zuciya mai sauri, zafi mai tsanani, girgiza, da ruɗani.
• Guji idan kana da raunin G6PD. Rashin enzim na G6PD na ƙara haɗarin hemolytic anemia tare da methylene blue.
• Guji idan kana da ciki.
• Kayan magani ne kawai. Launukan da ake amfani da su a masana'antu, yanayin ruwa, ko dakin gwaje‑gwaje na iya ƙunsar gurbatawa kamar ƙarfe mai nauyi; ba a yi su don cin mutum ba.
• Yi magana da likita kafin amfani. Hada magunguna na iya zama mai haɗari sosai idan ba a yi la’akari da su ba.

Takaitaccen Bayani

Wannan gwajin da aka wallafa a Radiology ya ba da wani ƙyalli ƙanana, mai sarrafawa sosai, game da abin da sinadarin da ake amfani da shi tsawon ƙarni zai iya yi a kwakwalwar ɗan adam mai lafiya. A awa guda bayan shan ƙwaya ɗaya a ƙaramin adadi, hoton fMRI ya nuna ƙarin aiki a sassan hankali da tunawa, kuma dawowar tunawa ta ƙaru da kashi 7 %. Sakamakon na da ban sha'awa, amma ya fito ne daga gwaji guda da ƙananan mahalarta. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai girma da na dogon lokaci kafin a iya tabbatar da amfanin sa a zahiri, kuma haɗarin haɗin magunguna na sanya gwajin “DIY” (kanka‑kayi) ya zama ra'ayi mara kyau.